I. Transcription
What is Transcription and What is the Process?
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA using a molecule of DNA as the model. In other words, it is when DNA is converted to RNA.
The process of transcription may be broken into 5 stages: preinitiation, initiation, promoter clearance, elongation, and termination.
First Step- The first step of transcription is when the DNA begins to unwind and the new space allows for a new strand of RNA to come to take its place.
Second Step- The next step is when the bacteria begins to bind the RNA to the DNA.
Third Step- The third step is when the RNA must clear the DNA once the first bond is synthesized. Now, approximately 23 nucleotides must be synthesized before RNA loses its tendency to slip away and release the RNA transcript too early.
Fourth Step- One strand of DNA serves as the template for RNA synthesis, but multiple rounds of transcription may occur so that many copies can be produced.
Fifth Step- Termination is the final step. This is when the newly synthesized mRNA is released from the elongated complex.
The process of transcription may be broken into 5 stages: preinitiation, initiation, promoter clearance, elongation, and termination.
First Step- The first step of transcription is when the DNA begins to unwind and the new space allows for a new strand of RNA to come to take its place.
Second Step- The next step is when the bacteria begins to bind the RNA to the DNA.
Third Step- The third step is when the RNA must clear the DNA once the first bond is synthesized. Now, approximately 23 nucleotides must be synthesized before RNA loses its tendency to slip away and release the RNA transcript too early.
Fourth Step- One strand of DNA serves as the template for RNA synthesis, but multiple rounds of transcription may occur so that many copies can be produced.
Fifth Step- Termination is the final step. This is when the newly synthesized mRNA is released from the elongated complex.
I. a. Where is Transcription Located?
Transcription is located in the cell nucleus where the DNA is housed. The DNA is needed as the starting point for any process such as transcription and translation.
I.b. What is the Purpose Behind Transcription?
The purpose behind transcription is to transport the DNA where it needs to go. DNA is found in the nucleus and it can not leave the nucleus. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and DNA needs to get their some how. DNA needs to be turned into messanger RNA and after it is turned into mRNA, it can go out of the nucleus and into the ribosomes to go through protein synthesis. DNA is turne into mRNA when an enzyme unzips the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands. Then RNA nucleotides come in and are attached by RNA into a single RNA strand.
II. Translation
What is Translation and What is the Process?
Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of mRNA. During translation, an mRNA sequence is read using genetic code to be used as the building blocks of proteins.
II.a. Where is Translation Located?
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm where ribosomes are located. It gets to the cytoplasm through being turned into mRNA.
II.b. What is the Purpose Behind Translation?
The purpose of translation is to produce a protein. After DNA is transcribed into mRNA it most be translated to produce a protein. In translation, mRNA along with tRNA and ribosomes work together to produce proteins.